Simple medical history, such as the cessation of periods, usually for 12 consecutive months, and the occurrence of typical symptoms such as hot flushes are the usual means of identifying the menopause.

Measures that can confirm suspected menopause, particularly useful in women who are showing symptoms at an early age, are blood tests for elevated levels of FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) and LH (luteinizing hormone).  A smear test can be performed.  At menopause vaginal cells will show low oestrogen effect.

Screening tests

All women should perform regular breast self-examination, have regular cervical smears, and have routine pelvic examinations.  These should continue, possibly more frequently, following the menopause, and regular mammograms should begin around the time of menopause. A blood test for cholesterol and triglycerides should be performed at menopause.

The strength of bones can be measured by a test of bone density.  Women who may be at increased risk from, or already have, osteoporosis, or are uncertain about whether to take HRT, may find it helpful to have this type of examination.  

Women at risk of endometrial cancer or who are having abnormal vaginal bleeding may need an endometrial biopsy, where a small amount of the lining of the uterus is removed for analysis.

Regular visits to a GP are important to monitor progress, either with or without HRT, and to keep up to date with risks of developing other diseases.  As the body changes during perimenopause and post-menopause, so do the risks, therefore regular contact with a doctor is essential. 

20/05/2009