Insomnia will affect each of us at some stage in our lives. Psychological problems such as anxiety or depression, and physical pain are thought to be the main causes.
Psychological and pharmacological
Stress and worry - many find it difficult to switch off and fall asleep at night, worrying about their job, partner, family, sex life, or something that has happened that day.
For those who have a tendency to worry, insomnia can become debilitating as a vicious circle is established.
Anxiety and depression may be symptoms of mental illness. Sufferers may be ready to withdraw from anti-depressants, but this act itself provokes insomnia causing further anxiety and depression.
Dietary stimulants may disturb sleep. Pharmacologically active stimulants include coffee, tea, and cigarette smoke. Herbs such as Ginseng or those containing caffeine, such as Guarana, should be avoided at night.
Medication such as diuretics and drugs for asthma can have stimulant effects, causing insomnia. The aforementioned withdrawal from anti-depressants, for example the tricyclic anti-depressants, and withdrawal of sleeping tablets can also cause insomnia.
Physical and physiological
Pain and physical discomfort caused by conditions such as arthritis and respiratory conditions often result in waking during the night.
Discomfort caused by a short-term illness, such as a cold or dental abscess will also disrupt the sleep pattern, as will frequent visits to the toilet for those suffering from incontinence.
Altered circadian rhythm caused by jet lag or shift work results in problems. The drastic change in exposure to light and dark affects sleep patterns, causing transient insomnia.
The lack of daylight that shift workers are exposed to is a particular issue. Research suggests that those of us who are exposed mainly to artificial light during the day have difficulty sleeping at night. Varying sleep times and not having a routine of healthy sleep can disrupt and confuse our own time-keeping system.
Our immediate environment can be a risk factor in itself if the noise, light, and heat in the bedroom are not controlled.
02/06/2009